Incidência e tendência temporal de acidentes de trabalho na indústria têxtil e de confecção: análise de Santa Catarina, Brasil, entre 2008 e 2017 / Incidence and time trend of occupational accidents in the textile and clothing industry: analysis of Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2008 and 2017

RESUMO: Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e a tendência temporal dos acidentes de trabalho típicos na indústria têxtil e de confecção de Santa Catarina no período de 2008 a 2017. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico retrospectivo baseado nos dados da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais (RAIS). A tendência temporal foi analisada por meio do cálculo da mudança média anual e da regressão logística. Resultados: Houve tendência de queda na incidência de acidentes de trabalho em Santa Catarina no período estudado (8,8%). Observaram-se as maiores taxas de acidentes no ano de 2008 entre homens (12,6%), trabalhadores com faixa de idade entre 40 e 49 anos (6,7%), negros (7,4%), pessoas com menos de 12 anos de estudo (5,0%), com remuneração média de 3 a 7 salários mínimos (7,0%), com até quatro anos de tempo de emprego (6,9%), trabalhadores da fabricação de produtos têxteis (10,3%), estabelecimentos de médio porte (100 a 499 trabalhadores) (7,9%) e nas regiões da Grande Florianópolis (7,0%) e Vale do Itajaí (6,8%). Conclusões: O risco de acidente de trabalho típico caiu significativamente ao longo do período. Contudo futuros estudos são necessários para analisar novas relações que possam apontar outros fatores associados. Espera-se que este estudo possa contribuir para subsidiar ações de prevenção, promoção, proteção e reabilitação da saúde dos trabalhadores desse setor produtivo.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To estimate the incidence and time trend of typical work accidents in the textile and clothing industry in Santa Catarina from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This was a retrospective epidemiological study based on data from the Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The time trend was analyzed by calculating the average annual change and logistic regression. Results: There was a downward trend in the incidence of occupational accidents in Santa Catarina during the period studied (8.8%). The highest incidence occurred in 2008 among men (12.6%), workers aged between 40 and 49 years (6.7%), black people (7.4%), people with less than 12 years of education (5.0%), with an average income of 3 to 7 minimum wages (7.0%), with up to 4 years of employment (6.9%), workers in the manufacture of textile products (10, 3%), medium-sized establishments (that is, between 100 and 499 workers; 7.9%) and in the regions of Greater Florianópolis (7.0%) and Vale do Itajaí (6.8%). Conclusions: The risk for typical occupational accidents dropped significantly over the period studied. However, future studies are needed to analyze new relationships that may point to other associated factors. It is hoped that this study can contribute to support measures for the prevention, promotion, protection and rehabilitation of the health of workers in this production sector.

Studies on delignification in jute (Corchorus spp L.) fibre with promising lignin degrading bacterial isolates

Aim: To investigate the reduction of lignin content in jute (Corchorus spp. L.) with promising lignin degrading bacterial isolates.Methodology: Promising lignin degrading bacterial isolates were screened on the basis of potency index, MnP (manganese peroxidase) and LiP (lignin peroxidase) activities. Very efficient ligninolytic isolates were used for laboratory scale delignification trial and the resultant fibre was tested for lignin content, fibre strength and fineness. The efficient isolates were identified up to species level with Biolog Inc. based on the metabolic fingerprinting of the isolates. Results: Out of 95 ligninolytic bactetial isolates, twenty isolates having potency index >1.10 on the basis of Azure-B dye degradation test were selected for enzyme assays. Five promising isolates (L3, L9, L10, L26 and L30) were selected for delignification trial on the basis of high MnP (126 – 482 U l-1 min-1), and LiP (558.7 – 615.6 U l-1 min-1) activities. The isolate L9 performed best among the five isolates and could reduce lignin content from 11.33 to 8.84% i.e. a reduction of 21.97% from the control. All the five isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. Interpretation: Delignification of jute by using lignin degrading bacteria without any environmental hazard may be considered as an alternate method of chemical delignification for minimization of environmental pollution

Structural-functional analyses of textile dye degrading azoreductase, laccase and peroxidase: a comparative in silico study

Background: Textile industry not only plays a vital role in our daily life but also a prominent factor in improving global economy. One of the environmental concern is it releases huge quantities of toxic dyes in the water leading to severe environmental pollution. Bacterial laccase and azoreductase successfully oxidize complex chemical structure of nitrogen group-containing azo dyes. Additionally, the presence of textile dye infuriates bacterial peroxidase to act as a dye degrading enzyme. Our present study deals with three textile dye degrading enzymes laccase, azoreductase, and peroxidase through analyzing their structural and functional properties using standard computational tools. Result: According to the comparative analysis of physicochemical characteristics, it was clear that laccase was mostly made up of basic amino acids whereas azoreductase and peroxidase both comprised of acidic amino acids. Higher aliphatic index ascertained the thermostability of all these three enzymes. Negative GRAVY value of the enzymes confirmed better water interaction of the enzymes. Instability index depicted that compared to laccase and preoxidase, azoreductase was more stable in nature. It was also observed that the three model proteins had more than 90% of total amino acids in the favored region of Ramachandran plot. Functional analysis revealed laccase as multicopper oxidase type enzyme and azoreductase as FMN dependent enzyme, while peroxidase consisted of α-ß barrel with additional haem group. Conclusion: Present study aims to provide knowledge on industrial dye degrading enzymes, choosing the suitable enzyme for industrial set up and to help in understanding the experimental laboratory requirements as well.

Physico-Chemical Characterization Of Textile Effluent From A Dyeing Industry In Tiruppur Of Tamil Nadu

The physico-chemical parameters of various textile industrial effluents vary depending on the type of dyes and processingchemicals used. The major pollution indicating parameters like TS, TDS, TSS, DO, COD, BOD, pH, alkalinity, chlorides,sulphates and heavy metals were analyzed. The estimated parameters were compared with the stipulated standard values putforth by WHO, BIS and TNPCB. The effluent was highly turbid with high values for TDS, TSS, alkalinity, chlorides,sulphates and iron. The study also showed elevated levels of some heavy metals. Physico- chemical analysis indicate that theeffluent samples have higher values for most of the parameters and exceed the permissible limits. Based on the estimatedcharacteristics, it is revealed that the effluent is not suitable for direct discharge into water stream and need a suitabletechnology for the treatment before discharge.

Ovarian cancer in a former asbestos textile factory worker: a case report

BACKGROUND: The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) defined that asbestos is a group 1 substance that causes lung cancer, mesothelioma (pleura and peritoneum), laryngeal cancer, and ovarian cancer in humans. Many studies on lung cancer, and mesothelioma caused by asbestos exposure have been conducted, but there was no case report of ovarian cancer due to asbestos exposure in Korea. We describe a case of ovarian cancer caused by asbestos exposure in a worker who worked at an asbestos textile factory for 3 years and 7 months in the late 1970s. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year-old woman visited the hospital because she had difficulty urinating. Ovarian cancer was suspected in radiologic examination, and exploratory laparotomy was performed. She was diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer. The patient did not undergo postoperative chemotherapy and recovered. She joined the asbestos factory in March 1976 and engaged in asbestos textile twisting and spinning for 1 year, 2 years and 7 months respectively. In addition, she lived near the asbestos factory for more than 20 years. There was no other specificity or family history. CONCLUSION: Considering the patient’s occupational and environmental history, it is estimated that she had been exposed to asbestos significantly, so we determined that ovarian cancer in the patient is highly correlated with the occupational exposure of asbestos and environmental exposure is a possible cause as well. Social devices are needed to prevent further exposure to asbestos. It is also necessary to recognize that ovarian cancer can occur in workers who have previously been exposed to asbestos, and the education and social compensation for those workers are needed.

Oral Health Status of Brazilian Workers of a Textile Industry

Objective: To evaluate the oral health status of Brazilian workers of a textile industry. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study including 489 individuals of both sexes was performed. Data on gender, age, schooling, frequency of dentist visits and caries experience (DMFT) were collected by a single trained and calibrated examiner. Data were organized using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software and presented through descriptive and inferential statistics (Poisson Regression Analysis). The significance level was 5%. Results: There was predominance of female workers (57.7%) aged 30-39 years (44.6%) and with 9-11 years of schooling (79.7%). Almost all of them had visited the dentist at least once in their lifetime (99.6%), and 66.8% had done so in the last 12 months. The mean DMFT value was 11.14 (± 5.64), with higher participation of filled (6.21) and missing components (4.03). There was a statistically significant association between DMFT values (≤ 11 and ≥ 12) and age group (p <0.001), as well as between schooling and number of missing (p <0.001) and decayed teeth (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The mean DMFT of Brazilian workers is high, with a tendency to increase the number of missing teeth as age increases. Schooling was associated with the number of missing and filled teeth.

Qualificação da dor em trabalhadoras de uma malharia no sul do Brasil / Qualification of pain in women workers of a textile factory in the south of Brazil / Cualificación del dolor de trabajadoras de una tienda de mallas del sur de Brasil

OBJETIVO: Analisar e qualificar a dor em mulheres de uma malharia do sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, em que foram entrevistadas 15 trabalhadoras em um único dia de maio de 2012. As avaliações para qualificação e análise da dor aconteceram por meio de três questionários: multidimensional adaptado, inventário para dor de Wisconsin (análise da dor) e o questionário de McGill (qualificação). Para análise dos dados, foi realizada a estatística descritiva, com o calculo da média, desvio padrão, percentual e números absolutos. RESULTADOS: As participantes apresentavam média de idade de 33,4 (±14,9) anos e trabalhavam 9 horas diárias. Referente à postura dolorosa no posto de trabalho, observou-se maior queixa em ombros abduzidos e cotovelos flexionados (n=7, 46,6%). Os locais anatômicos dolorosos mais frequentes foram ombros (n=8, 22,2%), coluna cervical (n=7, 19,4%) e cotovelos (n=7, 19,4%). A análise da dor pelo inventário de Wisconsin, classificada por meio da Escala Visual Analógica de Dor (EVA), demonstrou interferência moderada no trabalho, sono, humor, apreciação da vida e na atividade geral. De acordo com o questionário de McGill, houve destaque para o nível sensorial, com maior frequência para dor latejante (n=10, 50%), agulhada (n=4, 20%) e formigamento (n=4, 20%). CONCLUSÃO: A amostra apresentou alta frequência de dor nos ombros, cotovelos, coluna cervical e sintomatologia dolorosa considerada moderada na maioria dos itens avaliados, o que pode levar a uma interferência importante nas atividades laborais e do cotidiano

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and qualify pain in women workers of a textile factory in the south of Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study, with quantitative approach, in which 15 women workers were interviewed on a single day in May 2012. The assessments for pain qualification and analysis were performed by means of three instruments: multidimensional adapted questionnaire, Wisconsin Pain inventory (pain analysis) and McGill Pain questionnaire (qualification). For data analysis, descriptive statistics was employed, by calculating the average, standard deviation, percentage and absolute numbers. RESULTS: The participants' mean age was 33.4 (± 14.9) and they worked 9 hours a day. As for the painful posture in the workplace, the major complaint regarded abducted shoulders and flexed elbows (n=7, 46.6%). The most commonly painful anatomic sites were shoulders (n=8, 22.2%), cervical spine (n=7, 19.4%) and elbows (n=7, 19.4%). Pain analysis through the Wisconsin inventory, classified by the Visual Analogue Pain Scale (VAS), demonstrated moderate interference with work, sleep, mood, enjoyment of life and general activity. According to McGill questionnaire, the sensory level stood out, with highest frequencies to throbbing pain (n=10, 50%), needled (n=4, 20%) and tingling pain (n=4, 20%). CONCLUSION: The sample showed high frequency of pain in shoulders, elbows and cervical spine, in addition to painful symptomatology regarded moderate in most of the evaluated items, which might lead to significant interference with the labor activities and daily life

OBJETIVO: Analizar y cualificar el dolor de mujeres de una tienda de mallas del sur de Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo en el cual se entrevistaron 15 trabajadoras en un único día del mes de mayo de 2012. Las evaluaciones para la cualificación y el análisis del dolor se dieron a través de tres cuestionarios: el multidimensional adaptado, el inventario para el dolor de Wisconsin (análisis del dolor) y el cuestionario de McGill (cualificación). Para el análisis de los datos se realizó la estadística descriptiva con el cálculo de la media, la desviación típica, el porcentual y los valores absolutos. RESULTADOS: Las participantes presentaron la media de edad de 33,4 (±14,9) años y 9 horas al día de trabajo. Respecto la postura de dolor en el sector de trabajo, se observó más quejas en los hombros en abducción y los codos en flexión (n=7, 46,6%). Los puntos anatómicos de dolor más frecuentes fueron los hombros (n=8, 22,2%), la columna cervical (n=7, 19,4%) y los codos (n=7, 19,4%). El análisis del dolor a través del inventario de Wisconsin clasificado por la Escala Visual Analógica de Dolor (EVA) ha demostrado interferencia moderada con el trabajo, el sueño, el humor, la apreciación de la vida y la actividad general. Según el cuestionario de McGill hubo importancia para el nível sensorial con más frecuencia para el dolor latigante (n=10, 50%), en agujada (n=4, 20%) y hormigueo (n=4, 20%). CONCLUSIÓN: La muestra presentó elevada frecuencia para el dolor en los hombros, los codos, la columna cervical y sintomatología de dolor moderada para la mayoría de ítems evaluados lo que puede llevar a una interferencia importante en las actividades laborales y del cotidiano

Trastornos músculo-esqueléticos y psíquicos en población trabajadora, maquila de la confección, Departamento de Cortés, Honduras / Musculoskeletal and psychological disorders in garment maquila workers in Honduras

El objetivo general fue identificar la frecuencia de trastornos músculo-esqueléticos y psíquicos asociados a las condiciones y medio ambiente de trabajo en la población trabajadora de la industria maquiladora de ropa en el Departamento de Cortés, Honduras, con la finalidad de fundamentar estrategias para la prevención. El diseño fue transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Se realizó un muestreo por conveniencia habiendo participado 526 trabajadoras y trabajadores de la maquila de la confección de San Pedro Sula, Choloma, Villanueva y La Lima, del Departamento de Cortés, Honduras. Se aplicó una encuesta de uso epidemiológico. Se indagó sobre: datos generales, condiciones de trabajo, riesgos y exigencias laborales y sobre trastornos músculo-esqueléticos, depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Se definieron criterios de inclusión y de eliminación. El nivel de significancia fue establecido a p<0.05 y el estimador de los parámetros de interés fue reportado con su intervalo de confianza de 95%. El análisis de datos se realizó con el JMP8 de SAS Institute, Inc. Los trastornos músculoesqueléticos presentaron una tasa de 62 por cada 100 trabajadoras. La ansiedad, el distrés y la depresión se presentaron en 4 de cada 10 participantes. Las exigencias disergonómicas, los movimientos de fuerza con algunas partes del cuerpo, el no tomar agua para no ir al baño o disminuir el tiempo del almuerzo para alcanzar la meta de producción, se asociaron con los daños a la salud con valores de p<0.0001 y con prevalencias duplicadas. Se proponen medidas que impactan a la organización del trabajo.

The overall objective was to identify the frequency of musculoskeletal disorders and psychological conditions associated with working conditions and workplace environment in a population of garment assembly workers in the Department of Cortés, Honduras, as a basis for proposing prevention strategies. The study design was cross-sectional, observational, and descriptive. The study population consisted of a convenience sample of 526 garment workers in Honduran maquila plants in San Pedro Sula, Choloma, Villanueva and La Lima, Department of Cortés. An epidemiological survey was administered to participants, which asked about general information, working conditions, hazards and work demands; and musculoskeletal disorders, depression, anxiety and stress. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, the significance level was set at p<0.05 and the estimates of the parameters of interest were reported with confidence intervals of 95%. Data analysis was carried out using JMP8 by SAS Institute, Inc. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was 62 per 100 workers. Anxiety, stress, or depression were reported by 4 out of 10 participants. Work requirements or conditions associated with adverse health were awkward postures, forceful movements, refraining from drinking water in order to not have to go to the bathroom, and reducing lunch breaks to reach production targets. The associations had significance p <0.0001 and these factors doubled the prevalence of health damage. Measures impacting work organization are proposed.

Acidentes de trajeto com motocicletas entre trabalhadores de uma indústria têxtil / Accidentes in itinere envolviendo motocicletas entre los trabajadores de una industria textil / Road accidents with motorcycles among workers of a textile industry

Objective: To identify the profile of victims of road accidents with involvement of motorcycles among workers of a textile industry in the Rio Grande do Norte State. Method: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study, with data collected from medical records and registrations from the company itself in the period from 2008 to 2009. Results: It has unveiled 81 cases of accidents with workers involving motorcycles, of which 62% were males, with higher incidence between 22 and 25 years; 69% needed removal equal to or less than 15 days; when the removal time was greater than 15 days, the average was 274,3 days; 71% suffered injuries on the lower and upper limbs. Conclusion: The recognition of these characteristics is useful to subsidize strategies for preventing motorcycle accidents and improving the reference emergency service.

Objetivo: Identificar o perfil das vítimas de acidentes de trajeto com envolvimento de motocicletas entre trabalhadores de uma indústria têxtil do Rio Grande do Norte. Método: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com dados coletados nos prontuários e registros da própria indústria no período de 2008 a 2009. Resultados: 81 casos de acidentes com trabalhadores envolvendo motocicletas, dos quais 62% eram do sexo masculino, com maior incidência entre 22 e 25 anos; 69% necessitaram de afastamento igual ou inferior a 15 dias; quando o afastamento foi superior a 15 dias, a média foi de 274,3 dias; 71% sofreram lesões em membros inferiores e superiores. Conclusão: O reconhecimento dessas características é útil para subsidiar estratégias de prevenção dos acidentes de motos e o aprimoramento do serviço de referência em emergência.

Objetivo: Identificar el perfil de las víctimas de accidentes in itinere con envolvimiento de motocicletas entre trabajadores de una industria textil en el Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, con datos recogidos en archivos médicos y registros de la propia industria en el período comprendido entre 2008 y 2009. Resultados: 81 casos de accidentes con trabajadores envolviendo motocicletas, de los cuales 62% eran hombres, con mayor incidencia entre 22 y 25 años; 69% necesitaron de alejamiento igual o inferior a 15 días; Cuando el alejamiento fue mayor que 15 días, el promedio fue de 274,3 días; 71% han sufrido lesiones en los miembros inferiores y superiores. Conclusión: El reconocimiento de estas características es útil para respaldar estrategias de prevención de accidentes de motocicletas y la optimización del servicio de referencia en emergencia.

Avaliação do risco ergonômico em trabalhadores da indústria têxtil por dois instrumentos: quick exposure check e job factors questionnaire / Ergonomic risk assessment in textile industry workers by two instruments: quick exposure check and job factors questionnaire / Evaluación del riesgo ergonómico en trabajadores de la industria textil con dos instrumentos: quick exposure check y job factors questionnaire

A análise dos fatores de risco ergonômicos presentes em indústrias têxteis auxilia no planejamento de estratégias que contribuem para a melhora das condições de trabalho e redução dos distúrbios osteomusculares. Este estudo se propôs a mensurar os níveis de exposição aos fatores de risco ergonômicos em trabalhadores de dois setores de produção de uma indústria têxtil. Para tanto, os instrumentos Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) e o Quick Exposure Check (QEC) foram aplicados em 107 trabalhadores. Os resultados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. O teste de Mann-Whitney foi utilizado para comparação dos resultados obtidos entre os setores de produção. O diagnóstico do nível de exposição ao risco ergonômico, obtido por ambos os instrumentos, foi moderado. Os fatores de risco considerados pelo JFQ como mais criticos estão relacionados à temperatura ambiental; postura mantida em longos períodos de tempo; posturas inadequadas para coluna e continuar trabalhando quando está com alguma dor ou com alguma lesão. O QEC identificou as regiões de coluna lombar e punhos/mãos como expostas ao alto risco. Não houveram diferenças estatisticamente significante entre os setores...

The analysis of ergonomic risk factors that are present in the textile industry helps to plan strategies that can contribute to the improvement of work conditions and the consequent reduction of musculoskeletal disorders. This study aimed at measuring levels of exposure to ergonomic risk factors among workers of two production sections in a textile factory. For this purpose, the instruments Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) and Quick Exposure Check (QEC) were applied in 107 workers. The results were analyzed through descriptive statistics. We used Mann-Whitney's test to compare the results between the production sections. The level of exposure to ergonomic risks, obtained through both instruments, was moderate. The risk factors considered as being critical by the JFQ are related to environmental temperature, posture maintained over long periods of time, inadequate spinal posture, and to working even when the worker feels pain or sustains injuries. The QEC identified regions of the lumbar spine and wrists/hands as being exposed to high risk. There were no statistically significant differences between the sections...

El análisis de los factores de riesgo ergonómicos presentes en industrias textiles ayuda al planeamiento de estrategias que contribuyen a la mejora de las condiciones de trabajo y reducción de los trastornos osteomusculares. Este estudio se propuso medir los niveles de exposición a los factores de riesgo ergonómicos en trabajadores de dos sectores de producción de una industria textil. Para ello, los instrumentos Job Factors Questionnaire (JFQ) y el Quick Exposure Check (QEC) fueron aplicados en 107 trabajadores. Los resultados fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva. El test de Mann-Whitney fue utilizado para comparación de los resultados obtenidos entre los sectores de producción. El diagnóstico del nivel de exposición al riesgo ergonómico, obtenido por ambos instrumentos, fue moderado. Los factores de riesgo considerados por el JFQ como más críticos están relacionados a la temperatura ambiental; postura mantenida en largos períodos de tiempo; posturas inadecuadas para la columna y continuar trabajando cuando tiene algún dolor o con alguna lesión. El QEC identificó las regiones de columna lumbar y muñecas/manos como expuestas a alto riesgo. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los sectores...

Capacidade para o trabalho e saúde: o que pensam as trabalhadoras da indústria de vestuário / Working capacity and health: what women workers of the garment industry think / Capacidad para el trabajo y salud: que piensan las trabajadoras de la industria de vestimenta

Este estudo objetivou conhecer como as mulheres que atuam na indústria do vestuário em Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, entendem e relacionam os constructos capacidade para o trabalho e saúde. Utilizou-se metodologia qualitativa com análise dos depoimentos ancorada na teoria das representações sociais. Os resultados apontaram que a capacidade para o trabalho depende de fatores como capacitação, suporte social, exercício da profissão a domicilio, satisfação com o trabalho, saúde e envelhecimento. Além disso, ela sofre muitas influências externas ao trabalhador, que, por sua vez, precisa constantemente se adaptar às mudanças ocorridas. Os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade de reflexão sobre o papel das condições de trabalho e emprego, da rigidez organizacional e da perda de controle sobre o trabalho, na saúde e na capacidade para o trabalho das mulheres atuantes na indústria do vestuário...

This study investigated how women operating the garment industry in Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, understand and relate to the perception of work ability and health. We applied qualitative methodology to analyze their statements on the basis of social representations theory. The results suggested that work ability depends on factors such as training, social support, profession at home, job satisfaction, health and aging. Furthermore, it is affected by many influences external to the worker, who in turn, must constantly adapt to changes. The results highlighted the need for reflection on the role of working conditions and employment, organizational rigidity and loss of control over work, in health and work ability of operators in the garment industry...

Este estudio buscó conocer como las mujeres que actúan en la industria de la vestimenta en Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, entienden y relacionan los constructos capacidad para el trabajo y salud. Se utilizó metodología cualitativa con análisis de las declaraciones apoyado en la teoría de las representaciones sociales. Los resultados señalaron que la capacidad para el trabajo depende de factores como capacitación, soporte social, ejercicio de la profesión a domicilio, satisfacción con el trabajo, salud y envejecimiento. Además de eso, ella sufre muchas influencias externas al trabajador, que, a su vez, precisa constantemente adaptarse a los cambios ocurridos. Los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de reflexión sobre el papel de las condiciones de trabajo y empleo, de la rigidez organizacional y de la pérdida de control sobre el trabajo, en la salud y en la capacidad para el trabajo de las mujeres actuantes en la industria de la vestimenta...

Impacto de uma metodologia interativa de ergonomia de conscientização / Impact of an interactive methodology for ergonomics awareness / Impacto de una metodología interactiva de ergonomia de concientización

A ergonomia tem demonstrado avanços ao ser pró-ativa com a concepção de ambientes ergonomicamente adequados e com a conscientização do uso correto dos postos de trabalho. Nesse contexto, destaca-se o papel da ergonomia de conscientização, que confere ao indivíduo papel central no processo de educação em saúde. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto de uma metodologia interativa de ergonomia de conscientização no conhecimento de trabalhadores de uma indústria têxtil. A amostra foi selecionada a partir do parecer do comitê de ergonomia da empresa. Participaram do estudo 328 trabalhadores (idade: 33,94±9,15 anos). Foram aplicadas intervenções interativas nos temas: Corpo Humano, Visão, Audição, Coluna vertebral, Membros Superiores e Membros Inferiores. O impacto da metodologia foi mensurado com a aplicação de um questionário criado e validado para o estudo. Para a comparação da pontuação antes e após as intervenções foi utilizado o teste t de Student (pareado), analisado no pacote estatístico SPSS 19.0 para Windows com significância de p<0,05. As questões qualitativas foram categorizadas, e a frequência das informações constatada. Observou-se aumento na pontuação total do questionário (8,07±1,03 para 8,76±0,50; p<0,001), o que demostra que o programa teve impacto na aquisição de conhecimento por parte dos trabalhadores em relação a segurança e saúde.

Ergonomics has demonstrated advancements being proactive in the design of ergonomically suitable environments and promoting awareness of the correct use of the workplace. In such context, ergonomics' role on awareness raising is highlighted, since it provides the individual with a central role in the health education process. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of an interactive program of awareness raising Ergonomics in relation to safety and health knowledge of workers of a textile factory. The sample was selected from a program initiated by the Ergonomics Committee of the company. 328 workers took part in the study (aged 33.94±9.15). Interactive and brief interventions on the following topics were applied: Human Body, Vision, Hearing, Human Movement, Spine, Upper and Lower Limbs. The impact was measured by means of a questionnaire that was created and validated for this study. For the comparison of the score Pre and Post intervention, a paired Student's t-test was used and analyzed in SPSS 19.0 for Windows with a significance of p<0.05. Qualitative questions were categorized and the frequency of information was verified. There was an increase in the total questionnaire score (8.07±1.03 to 8.76±0.50; p<0.001), which demonstrates that the program had a significant impact on workers' knowledge acquisition in relation to health and safety.

La Ergonomía tiene demostrado avances al ser proactiva con la concepción de ambientes ergonómicamente adecuados y con la concientización del uso correcto de los puestos de trabajo. En éste contexto, se destaca el papel de la ergonomía de concientización, que confiere al individuo el papel central en el proceso de educación en salud. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el impacto de una metodología interactiva de ergonomía de concientización en el conocimiento de trabajadores de una misma industria textil. La muestra fue seleccionada a partir de la opinión del comité de ergonomía de la empresa. Participaron del estudio 328 trabajadores (Edad: 33,94±9,15 años). Fueron aplicadas educaciones interactivas en los temas: Cuerpo Humano, Visión, Audición, Columna Vertebral, Miembros Superiores y Miembros Inferiores. El impacto de la metodología fue medido con la aplicación de un cuestionario creado y validado para el estudio. Para la comparación de la puntuación Pre y Post intervenciones fue utilizado el Test t de Student (pareado), analizado en el paquete estadístico SPSS 19.0 para Windows con significancia de p<0,05. Las preguntas cualitativas fueron categorizadas y la frecuencia de las informaciones constatadas. Se observó aumento en la puntuación total del cuestionario (8,07±1,03 para 8,76±0,50; p<0,001), el que demostró que el programa tiene impacto en la adquisición del conocimiento por parte de los trabajadores en relación con la seguridad y salud.

Condições de saúde da mulher trabalhadora na indústria do vestuário / Condiciones de salud de la mujer trabajadora en la indústria textil / Health conditions of women working in the clothing industry

Objetivo foi investigar aspectos das condições de vida e saúde da mulher trabalhadora na indústria têxtil. Estudo descritivo exploratório, realizado na região noroeste do Paraná, em quatro municípios selecionados por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2011, no próprio local de trabalho, por meio de questionário autoaplicável. A amostra foi constituída por 177 mulheres trabalhadoras em indústrias do vestuário, com idades entre 18 e 60 anos; 83,9% das mulheres tem mais de oito anos de estudo e possuem renda familiar média de R$1.662,34. Relacionado aos hábitos de vida, 44,2% realizam atividade física e 80,2% não utilizam bebida alcoólica e 6,7% são fumantes. O estilo de vida aliado a condições inadequadas de trabalho, podem favorecer o aparecimento de doenças, assim, as políticas de saúde do trabalhador devem vislumbrar ações de promoção da saúde e melhores condições de trabalho.

El objetivo fue investigar aspectos de las condiciones de vida y la salud de las trabajadoras de la industria textil. Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, realizado en el noroeste de Paraná, Brasil, en cuatro municipios seleccionados por conveniencia. Los datos fueron recogidos en octubre y noviembre de 2011, en el lugar de trabajo, a través de cuestionario auto administrado. La muestra consistió de 177 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 años, 83,9% de las mujeres tienen más de ocho años de estudios y renta familiar promedio de R$ 1,662.34. En cuanto al estilo de vida, 44,2% realizaban actividad física; 80,2% no usaban alcohol y 6,7% eran fumadoras. El estilo de vida junto con las malas condiciones de trabajo pueden favorecer la aparición de enfermedades, y las políticas de salud de los trabajadores debe vislumbrar acciones para promover la salud y mejores condiciones de trabajo.

This study aimed to investigate aspects of living conditions and health of female workers in the textile industry. This is a descriptive exploratory study conducted in the northwest of Paraná, in four municipalities selected for convenience Data were collected in October and November 2011, in the workplace, through self-administered questionnaire The sample consisted of 177 women working in the textile industries, aged between 18 and 60 years; 83.9% of women have more than eight years of study and have an average household income of R$1,662.34. Regarding lifestyle, 44.2% practice physical actives, 80.2% do not use alcohol and only 6.7% are smokers. The lifestyle allied with poor working conditions, may favor the onset of diseases, so policies of workers' health must contemplate actions to promote health and better working conditions.

Adsorção dos corantes RO16, RR2 e RR141 utilizando lodo residual da indústria têxtil / Adsorption of dyes RO16, RR2 and RR141 using residual sludge of textile industry

A adsorção é uma das técnicas empregadas com sucesso para remoção efetiva da cor presente em efluentes têxteis. Com o objetivo de avaliar os diferentes parâmetros adsortivos, bem como determinar a eficiência de um adsorvente alternativo desenvolvido a partir de lodo residual têxtil na remoção de corantes, foram determinadas curvas de cinética de adsorção e isotermas. Por meio dos dados cinéticos e de equilíbrio obtidos, verificou-se que a 25ºC a adsorção foi favorável para todos os corantes, sendo esta a melhor condição para os corantes RO16 e RR2 na ausência de sais. Para o corante RR141, a adição de NaCl aumentou a capacidade de adsorção do adsorvente no equilíbrio e a adição de Na2SO4 favoreceu a adsorção para o corante RO16, ao contrário do que se observou para os outros dois corantes. A quantidade máxima de corante adsorvida por unidade de massa de adsorvente (q max) nas melhores condições adsortivas para os corantes RO16, RR2 e RR141 foi de 81,30, 53,48 e 78,74 mg.g-1, respectivamente.

The adsorption is one of the techniques that have been successfully used for effective removal of the dyes present in textile effluents. With the objective to evaluate the different adsorptive parameters, as well as determining the efficiency of one alternative adsorbent in the removal of dyes, kinetics and equilibrium data of adsorption were determined. By the kinetic data and of equilibrium, it was verified that the adsorption was favorable for all the dyes in 25ºC, being the best condition for the dye RO16 and RR2 in the total absence of salt. For the dye RR141, the addition of NaCl increased the adsorption capacity of adsorbent in the equilibrium and the addition of Na2SO4 favored the adsorption for the dye RO16, in contrast to what was observed for the two other dyes. The maximum quantity of dye adsorbed per unit mass of adsorbent (q max) in the best adsorptive conditions for the dyes RO16, RR2 and RR141 was of 81.30, 53.48 and 78.74 mg.g-1 respectively.

Occupational and Environmental Asbestos Exposure in Korea

Asbestos had been produced from the 1930s to the early 1990s in Korea. There has been gradual increase of importing asbestos until the middle 1990s in response to increased use of asbestos as Korea's economy developed rapidly. Asbestos was mainly used to make constructional material like slate, which leads to constant exposure of asbestos even after forbidding its use. It was reported that the highest level of occupational asbestos exposure occurred in asbestos textile industries. Other industries including shipbuild repair, automobile repair, and demolition work are also reported to have high level of exposure. The number of exposed workers, except for some demolition workers, is expected to be reduced since the use of asbestos has been banned from 2009. However, asbestos already used in buildings will make continuous environmental exposures. There are also several reports on naturally occurring asbestos from soils in Korea, which had already happened in Turkey, Greece, and China. The Korean government should try to give more effort to control the used asbestos and to care for exposed people.